PrEP, which stands for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, is a preventive approach to reduce the risk of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection in individuals who are at high risk of exposure. PrEP involves taking a specific medication regularly, typically a combination of two antiretroviral drugs, to help prevent HIV acquisition.
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Medication: The most commonly used medications for PrEP contain tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC). These medications are often combined in a single pill, known by brand names such as Truvada and Descovy.
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Indications: PrEP is recommended for individuals at high risk of acquiring HIV, including those with HIV-positive partners, individuals engaging in condomless sex with partners of unknown HIV status or partners at high risk, and people who inject drugs and share needles.
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Mechanism of Action: PrEP works by preventing the virus from establishing a permanent infection in the body. If taken consistently, the medications can stop the virus from multiplying and spreading in the body.
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Effectiveness: PrEP is highly effective when taken as prescribed. It has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of HIV acquisition, including through sexual contact and injection drug use.
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Daily Administration: PrEP is typically taken once daily. It is important to take the medication consistently to maintain its effectiveness. In some cases, PrEP may also be taken on-demand, with a specific dosing schedule around periods of potential HIV exposure.
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Monitoring: Individuals on PrEP are regularly monitored for HIV status, side effects, and other health indicators. Regular testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is also recommended.
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Access and Prescription: PrEP is available by prescription, and individuals interested in starting PrEP should consult with a healthcare provider. Access to PrEP may vary by region, and it is important to discuss any financial or insurance concerns with a healthcare professional.
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Additional Prevention Measures: While PrEP is highly effective, it does not provide protection against other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The use of condoms and other safer sex practices is recommended for comprehensive prevention.
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Adherence Support: Adherence to the daily PrEP regimen is crucial for its effectiveness. Healthcare providers often provide support and resources to help individuals stay adherent to their prescribed medication schedule.
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Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): In addition to PrEP, there is also a concept known as PEP, or Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, which involves taking antiretroviral medications after potential exposure to HIV.